The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.